Heinrich Kluver, an American investigator into the neural basis of vision, wrote in the preface to his Behavior Mechanism in Monkeys that the book would be of interest to neuropsychologists and others. By 1957, the term had become a recognized designation for a subfield of the neurosciences. Although Hebb neither defined nor used the word in the text itself, he probably intended it to represent a multidisciplinary focus of scientists who believed that an understanding of human brain function was central to understanding human behavior. Hebb’s 1949 treatise on brain function, The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory. It later appeared as a subtitle to Canadian psychologist Donald O. According to Daryl Bruce, it was first used by Canadian physician William Osler in his early-twentieth-century textbook, which was a standard medical reference of the time. He term neuropsychology in its English version originated quite recently, in part because it represented a new approach to studying the brain.

The object of this book is to pursue the answer in the place where it should be logically found: the brain. The Sphinx’s riddle is the riddle of human nature, and as time passes Oedipus comes to understand that it has a deeper meaning: “What is a human?” The deeper question in the riddle confounds Oedipus and remains unanswered to this day. In Sophocles’ (496–406 B.C.) play Oedipus the King, Oedipus finds his way blocked by the Sphinx, who threatens to kill him unless he can answer this riddle: “What walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three legs in the evening?” Oedipus replies, “A human,” and is allowed to pass, because a person crawls as an infant, walks as an adult, and uses a cane when old. Chapter The Development of Neuropsychology

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